Biological comparisons

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Artificial Neural Network neurons are based on human neurons — though there are thought to be 100 billion neurons in the human brain, with each one connected to 10,000 other neurons through synapses between axons and dendrits. This far exceeds any machine-learning model currently in use.

• Synapse: A structure that permits a neuron (or nerve cell) to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron or to the target effector cell.
• Axon: (nerve fibre) A long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, in vertebrates, that typically conducts electrical impulses known as action potentials away from the nerve cell body.
• Dendrite: Branched protoplasmic extensions of a nerve cell that propagate the electrochemical stimulation received from other neural cells to the cell body, or soma, of the neuron from which the dendrites project.